There are many ways to help athletes train in their sports. SONC offers four roles for volunteers:
Chaperone: No sport skills required; assists coaches or head of delegation with various tasks.
Sport Assistant: No sport skills training required, but helpful! Assists coaches with training and at competitions.
Certified Coach: Sport skills and training required.
Advanced Certified Coach: Sport skills and training required. This level of coach is eligible to apply as a coach for Team NC and/or Special Olympics USA coaching roles. This role does require continuing education every three years.
The Coaching Team
Sportsmanship – A free course offered through the National Federation of High School Athletic Associations (NFHS).
Coaching Adapted Sports – A free course offered through NFHS. This course is intended to adapt sports to those with physical disabilities.
Heat Illness Prevention – A free course offered through NFHS. A great resource for coaches of sports that take place outdoors at the SONC Summer Games.
Positive Sport Parenting – A free course offered through NFHS. Parents and caregivers are your partners in the Special Olympics athletes’ sports journey. Encourage them to take this course so you can all be on the same page and contribute to the athletes’ well being as a sport participant.
American Red Cross Adult First Aid/CPR/AED Online Training ($30) – Online training offered by the American Red Cross. Certification is good for two years from the date of completion.
Without rules, Special Olympics would not be a sports training and competition organization. Here are some documents that better explain how these rules affect coaches and how they can prepare their athletes and coaching teams to be successful in their sport pursuits.
Special Olympics Divisioning – a web page dedicated to the unique principal that differentiates Special Olympics from other sport organizations. A great resource for new coaches and refresher for veteran coaches.
Competition Guide for Coaches – a concise guide from Special Olympics, Inc. that illustrates the core principals of Special Olympics sports competitions from Article 1 in an easy-to-read format. Great information for new and veteran coaches.
The Coach and Competition Series: Pt. 1 – Before Competition – an excellent resource for new and veteran coaches that explains the role of the coach in preparing athletes for competition at all levels. This includes the importance of accurate entry scores, maximum effort explanation, and athlete readiness for competition.
The Coach and Competition Series: Pt. 2 – At Competition – an excellent resource for new and veteran coaches that explains the role and responsibilities of a coach at a competition. This includes preparing athletes for staging, explaining disqualifications, appropriate coach attire, and setting non-placement goals for athletes and teams.
Filing a protest during competition – a flowchart that describes the appropriate situations whereby a coach may file a protest during competition and how the protest is processed. Protests must be filed with the competition manager at the venue as within 30 minutes of the infraction. Please note that there are further requirements on who may submit a protest, including only SONC certified coach or higher certified coaches in the sport may file the protest. The competition manager will provide instructions on how to file an official protest.
Special Olympics, Inc. Article I of Sports Rules – This is where you can read about general sport rules regarding everything from advancement to how we as a global movement conduct awards.
For the more non-sport information about Special Olympics North Carolina, as well as links to the Special Olympics, Inc General Rules and SONC Operating Policies, please click here.
Getting Your Season Started
SONC recommends starting four months out from the culminating event. For example, an athletics coach would start planning in February if planning to train athletes in athletics (track & field), the culminating event being SONC Summer Games. Use these tools below to ensure a successful start to the season.
- Season Kick-Off Agenda Topics: Use this document as a template to build your kick-off meeting to set expectations and provide information to all involved.
- Season Kick-Off Agenda Template
- Athlete Goals for the Season: Use this resource to have athletes set their season goals.
- Team Goals for Start of the Season: Set and track your team goals for the season.
- Example – 10 week Soccer Season Plan
- Example – 10 week Athletics (track & field) Season Plan
Risk Management and Administration
Coaching is a risky business; use these tools to make sure you are taking the proper steps to provide a safe environment for your athletes.
- Facility Checklist: Use this checklist to ensure a safe and appropriate sport training environment.
- Equipment Checklist: Use this checklist to ensure you have the proper equipment for practice and competitions.
- Example team budget: Use this team budget example as a guide to create a budget for your team this season.
Communication Resources
Whether is it on or off the field, communicating effectively to your athletes and their family members/caregivers is the key for a successful sport season.
- Team Communication Spreadsheet: Use this spreadsheet created by one of your fellow SONC coaches to track your teams contact information.
- Team Snap: Free online team messaging app to message parents, athletes and Unified partners.
- Team App: Free online team messaging app to send messages, schedules, photos and reminders to parents, athletes, and Unified partners.
Planning an Effective Practice and Training Session
Whether you have two hours or 20 minutes with your athletes (spoiler alert: practices should be longer than 20 minutes), make the most of your time with them by planning ahead.
- Components of an Effective Practice Plan: Use this guide to start creating effective practice plans for your season.
- Practice/training session template: Use this template to plan out your practices for the season.
- Sport Plan: Free online resource with access to hundreds of existing practice plans and templates.
- Warm-up and cool-down: Emphasize the importance of warm-up and cool-down in practices while giving practical tips and online resources
- Download the full Special Olympics North Carolina Coach Season Planner (when printing, select double-sided).
Athlete Assessment and Development Resources
- Athlete skill evaluation checklist: Use this evaluation checklist to assess your athletes sport skills, knowledge of the sport and overall health and fitness. This information will help shape the way you plan, execute and review your practice sessions.
- Athlete development plan: Use this for you and your coaching staff to create a development plan for individual athletes and also set goals.
Additional Resources
Use these additional resources to provide your athletes and coaching staff with the tools needed for a successful season.
- Team Goals End of Season Review: Reflect on your individual and team goals for the season.
- Season in Review for Coaches: For the coach to reflect on the season and prepare for end of year festivities.
- Sport Training Log: Give this to your athletes to help them keep track of their training progress throughout the season.
- Sports Schedule and Contact List for Athletes: Athletes can keep track of their practice schedules, teammates and coaches all in one document.
Codes of Conduct
- See the SONC Operating Policies for the codes of conduct.
- Athletes, Unified partners, coaches, volunteers, family members and spectators all have a code of conduct.
- By participating in Special Olympics in any of these roles, a person agrees to abide by the applicable code of conduct, and are subject to disciplinary actions if behavior or actions go against any of these descriptions.
General Coaching Guides
- Athlete-Centered Coaching Guide – We want our coaches to be dedicated to the team by committing to learning more about their sport and their athletes. This is a guide to assessing your athlete’s individual strengths, potential challenges, and personality traits that make each of your team members unique.
- Quick Reference Coaching Guide – This is a basic guide to coaching athletes with intellectual disabilities, focusing on some behaviors often associated with intellectual disability. They will help you to improve athlete learning and give them a more enjoyable Special Olympics sport experience.
- SONC Coach Season Planner – a blank 4-month calendar with guided goal-setting spaces, season contacts, calendar and blank practice plans.
- Coaching Special Olympics Athletes (CSOA) Participant Guide – These guides are taken from the online training for CSOA and are here for coach reference purposes.
Concussion Information and Protocols
- Concussion Fact Sheet for Parents and Athletes
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Heads Up Information
Alpine Skiing
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in alpine skiing.
In-person Dryland Certification for coaches – Dates & information coming August 2025; for new or existing coaches!
In-person On-Snow Certification for Coaches – Dates & information coming August 2025; for new or existing coaches!
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Alpine Skiing Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Alpine Skiing Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Alpine Skiing Coaching Guide – this is a longer, more detailed version of the alpine skiing coaching guide and includes more information on training
Dryland Training
- Dry Land Ski Course
- Dry Land Ski Course Instructions
- Dry Land Ski Course VIDEO – approx. 10 minutes long.
- Conducting Dryland Training on snow
- How to make the PIZZA tool
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers four competitive events in alpine skiing, accommodating all ability levels and competition interests from beginner to advanced.
The glide is for athletes just learning how to ski where the terrain has a gentle slope with no turns. Coaches are allowed to assist athletes at this level. SONC classifies this level as yellow.
The super glide is the next level where the terrain is slightly steeper than the glide, but also does not have turns. SONC classifies this level as green 1.
Athletes competing in the novice slalom will ride a ski lift and ski on steeper terrain, weaving through a number of gates on their way to the finish. SONC classifies this level as green 2 and 3.
Athletes in the intermediate slalom will experience a more challenging terrain than the novice slalom, with an increased number of gates. SONC classifies this level as blue.
Athletes competing in advanced slalom ski on the most challenging terrain (commonly referred to as the “black” runs), and experience tighter turns and more gates in their competition. SONC classifies this level as black.
The SOI Official Sport Rules for Alpine Skiing dated October 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. SONC rules are intended to be used in conjunction with US Ski and Snowboard, and SOI Snowboarding rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Alpine Skiing Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Special Olympics falls under the International Ski Federation rule regarding a specific helmet that is required for ski and snowboard racing. This is a reminder that all athletes must have an FIS helmet in order to participate in Alpine Skiing or Snowboarding. These helmets must have the FIS stamp on the back of the helmet.
Uniforms
See the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules for Alpine Skiing for information on appropriate attire and equipment.
Violations in the uniform rules will result in the athlete being unable to participate until the uniform adheres to the rules. If the athlete is unable to participate in an event due to a uniform violation that athlete will be placed as “Did Not Show” and will not be awarded for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC. For Alpine skiing and snowboarding, the state-level event is the Special Olympics Southeast U.S. Winter Games – Alpine Skiing & Snowboarding held February 8-10, 2026 at Appalachian Ski Mountain in Boone, NC.
Athletics (track & field)
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in athletics.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Mini-Javelin Instructions
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – printable version
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers competition in 29 different athletics events, ranging in distances from 10 meters to 1,500 meters, as well as multiple field events. This range of events allows athletes of all ability levels the opportunity to train and compete successfully to the best of their abilities.
Developmental Events
Click the link to see diagram of event layout
- 10m/25m Assisted Walk
- Tennis Ball Throw (same as the softball throw)
- 10m/25m Wheelchair Races
- 30m Wheelchair Slalom
- 25m Wheelchair Obstacle
- 30m/50m Motorized Wheelchair Slalom
Lead-Up Events
Click the link to see diagram of event layout
- 25m/50m Dash
- 25m/50m Race Walk
- 100m/200m Wheelchair Races
- Wheelchair Shot Put
- Standing Long Jump
- Softball Throw
Traditional Events
Click the link to see diagram of event layout
- 100m/200m/400m Dash
- 100m/400m Race Walk
- 800m/1500m Run
- Running Long Jump
- Shot Put
- Mini-Javelin (similar set up for softball and tennis ball throw)
- Pentathlon
- 4 x 100 Relay
There are two options to order the mini-javelin:
- Throwing Zone
- Go to www.turbojav.com; home web page of The Throwing Zone
- Order the Turbojav 6-Pack; this includes (3) 300 gram Turbojavs and (3) 400g Turbojavs
- Important Information Regarding Turbojav:
- Recently, a lawsuit has been settled against a company selling fake turbojavs. Regardless, there still may be other online people trying to sell unsanctioned turbojavs. The knockoff turbojav has a piece of metal inside which is illegal to use in USATF / AAU events (rules state plastic only mainly as a safety precaution). Additionally, the requirements for weight specifications are not being met. Turbojavs that are official will have the engraving “Turbojav 300 / 400g” .
- For information on purchasing MiniJav equipment, please contact Tom Petranoff at tom@turbojav.com.
- Everything Track and Field
- Call 1-800-556-7464
- A Turbo Jav kit can be ordered for $284.00; just make sure to request the 400g Turbo Jav and to replace the 500g Long Tom.
Local programs are responsible for the cost of these kits.
The The International Federation for Athletics is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Special Olympics Sports Rules for Athletics dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Athletics Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of these rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below are intended to be used in conjunction with USA Track & Field (USATF) rules and SOI Official Rules. Therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Athletics Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
See the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules for Athletics for information on appropriate attire and equipment.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete being unable to participate until the uniform adheres to the rules. If the athlete is unable to participate in an event due to a uniform violation that athlete will be placed as “Did Not Show” and will not be awarded for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Basketball
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in basketball team and this quick test to recertify in basketball individual skills.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
- Nutritional Information
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- FIBA Basketball Trainings – Excellent free resource with diagrams and explanations for drills and videos from professional coaches around the world.
SONC offers four types of basketball competition: individual skills, 3-on-3 team, masters 3-on-3 team and 5-on-5 team.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed as a stepping stone for athletes to team competition. The individual skills offered for basketball are passing, dribbling, and shooting.
3-on-3 basketball team competition is played on a half-court with three players a side (six player on a roster maximum). Games are played with two ten-minute halves with a running clock. The winner is determined by who has the most points at the end of full time, or the first team to 20 points.
Masters 3-on-3 basketball team competition is played on a half-court with three players a side (six player on a roster maximum). Masters competition is for older athletes (age 30+) and teams may not carry any player under the age of 30. Games are played with two ten-minute halves with a running clock and shooting fouls. The winner is determined by the team with the most points at the end of full time.
5-on-5 basketball team competition is played on a regulation basketball court and follows North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) rules, with some modifications. Games are played by four eight-minute quarters with a running clock. The winner is determined by the team with the most points at the end of full time.
League play for 3-on-3 and 5-on-5 basketball team takes place during the winter and early spring season. Teams participate in three-to-five team leagues over an 8-week period that culminates in a league invitational.
The International Federation for Basketball is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Special Olympics Sports Rules for Basketball 5v5, Half Court 3 on 3, and Individual Skills dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. SONC also follows North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) and National Federation of High Schools (NFHS) rules where indicated. Some of those rules are repeated here for clarification; NCHSAA rules will be used unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications. These documents are intended to be used in conjunction with the USA Basketball rules and FIBA 2024 Official Basketball Rules.
Basketball 5v5
- SONC rule modifications
- Review the SOI 5v5 Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes.
Basketball Half Court 3-on-3
- SONC rule modifications
- Review the SOI Half Court 3 on 3 Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes.
- SONC Basketball Court Diagram for 3-on-3
Individual Skills Competition
- Refer to the SOI Official Sport Rules for Basketball Individual Skills for the rules of each event.
- Review the SOI Individual Skills Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes.
- SONC offers Level 1 Individual Skills Competition which is comprised of three events: Target pass, 10-meter dribble, and the spot shot. See a sample worksheet here.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules for basketball document
Violations of the uniform rules by an individual athlete will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the basketball sport rules. Additionally, violations of the uniform rules by any member of a basketball team will result in penalties listed below.
- Players are allowed to wear medical devices like knee braces or wristguards, but they must be approved by the competition manager and/or official before the start of the game. Depending on the severity of the device and any safety issues, a doctor’s note may be required in order for the player to wear this device at state-level competition (SONC modification of SOI Section 3.2.7) A uniform check will be administered before each game by the officials. Non-compliance of uniforms is not protestable. If a team does not follow the uniform regulations, officials will enforce and assess penalties prior to tip-off. Penalties are as follows:
- In 3-on-3 competition, first possession will go to the non-offending team. The team not in compliance will also lose a time out in the first half.
- In 5v5 competition, a maximum of one technical foul will be charged directly to the head coach. The team not in compliance will also lose a timeout in the first half. (SONC modification)
- Home and away teams will be assigned at competition: home = light, away = dark.
Equipment
- Individual Skills: A smaller basketball (28.5 women’s/junior size) will be used for all individual skills divisions (SONC modification of SOI Section 4.1.1.2) and made of composite leather.
- Individual Skills: Goals set at 8ft will be used at the Spot Shot Station for all athletes in the 8-11 and 12-15 age groups or as otherwise requested by programs with state level registration.
- Team Competition: A traditional sized basketball (size 29.5) will be used for all 3-on-3 and 5-on-5 team competitions.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Bocce
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in bocce.
2025 SONC Bocce Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
Players take a turn rolling a bocce ball toward the smallest ball (pallina), which has already been thrown onto the field. The players are given points for the balls thrown closest to the pallina.
- Bocce Ramp: one Special Olympics athlete using an apparatus made specifically for ramp bocce*
- Bocce Singles: one Special Olympics athlete
- Bocce Doubles: two Special Olympics athletes
- Bocce Unified Doubles: one Special Olympics athlete and one Unified partner
- Bocce Team: four to five Special Olympics athletes
- Bocce Unified Team: two or three Special Olympics athletes and two Unified partners
The International Federation for Bocce is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Bocce dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year. Review the SOI Bocce Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes.
SONC Bocce Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
SONC Bocce Divisioning Score Card
Uniforms
For proper placement, size, color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations in the uniform rules will result in the athlete, doubles pair or team not being allowed to play until the uniform is in compliance with the sport rules.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Divisioning
Bowling
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in bowling.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- Traditional Singles
- Traditional Singles ramp (unassisted and assisted)
- Traditional Doubles
- Unified Doubles
- Traditional Team
- Unified Team
- In doubles and five-person team competition (traditional and Unified Sports), SONC uses the Baker System format, which places emphasis on the team effort rather than individual accomplishments of team members. Doubles or team members take turns bowling frames within one game, as opposed to team members bowling individual games and combining the scores for one team score.
The International Federation for Bowling is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Bowling dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Bowling Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) rules and SOI rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Bowling Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size, color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform. For every frame missed due to a uniform violation the athlete will receive a 0 for that frame.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Cheerleading
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in cheerleading.
Coaching Guides
- Please note there are no SOI coaching guides for the sport of cheerleading at this time.
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
Individual Performance Competition (Scholastic) is available for athletes just starting out in cheerleading, or for programs without adequate numbers to form a team. Athletes have two and on-half minutes to complete a routine, and music is allowed.
Team Competition – Scholastic is offered in the traditional and Unified Sports models in four different categories. Criteria and restrictions for each category are found within the SONC Cheerleading Rules. All categories allow music, and have options for tumbling and stunting. Teams competing in the scholastic/recreational have two and one-half minutes to complete their routine.
- Team non-mount & non-tumble: There are no tumbling, stunts or mounts allowed in this level. Music allowed but not required.
- Team non-mount: tumbling is allowed in this level, but no stunts or pyramids. Music allowed but not required.
- Team non-tumble: stunts and pyramids are allowed in this level; however tumbling elements are not. Music allowed but not required.
- Team mount & tumble: tumbling, stunts, and pyramids are allowed. Music allowed but not required.
Team Competition – Novice Level 1 is offered in traditional and Unified Sports models (see SOI Sports Rules for Competitive Cheerleading 4.4.5 and 5.5.6). Tumbling, stunts, and pyramids are allowed. Music is allowed. Please review the SONC Sport Rules for Competitive Cheerleading for information on roster size and other rules.
The SONC Sport Rules Modifications for Cheerleading will govern all SONC for the 2025-2026 program year. These rules will be used in conjunction with USA Cheer, National Federation of High School Athletic Associations (NFHS), and Varsity Brand safety rules. Additionally, the Official Special Olympics (SOI) Sports Rules for Competitive Cheerleading dated September 2024 will apply to teams competing in Novice Level 1 competition as outlined in the SONC Sport Rules Modifications for Cheerleading. These rules are to be used in conjunction with the International Cheer Union (ICU) Special Abilities Rules and Regulation dated 2020-2022 (referred to as ICU) therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC Sport Rules Modifications for Cheerleading.
USA Cheer – USA Cheer (formerly AACCA) is the national governing body (NGB) for cheerleading in the United States.
International Cheer Union (ICU) Special Abilities – ICU is the international sport federation for cheerleading. For information on the Level 1 Novice rules, please refer to this document.
USA Cheer Preferred Vendors for Cheerleading Music
2026 Scoresheets/Rubrics
Uniforms
For proper placement, size, color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete or team is in the appropriate uniform.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Cycling
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in cycling.
SONC Cycling Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers seven different cycling events through a mix of time trial races and road races. Time trial races are conducted with riders starting one at a time at set intervals. Road races are conducted using a mass start where all riders start at the starting line at the same time.
- 500m Time Trial
- 1k Time Trial
- 2k Time Trial
- 5k Time Trial
- 5k Road Race
- 10k Road Race
- 15k Road Race
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Cycling dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year. Review the SOI Cycling Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with the USA Cycling rules and SOI Rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Cycling Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and the equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Cycling Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the cycling sport rules. If an athlete misses an event due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” and will not receive an award for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Equestrian
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Please note that recertification for equestrian coaches (including leaders/sidewalkers) must be done in person at an equestrian training school. Please visit the events calendar to find a training.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- Certified Horsemanship Association (CHA)– Instructor of Riders with Disabilities (CHA-IRD); Level 2 or above
- CHA Educational Video Shorts – brief instructional videos free of charge
- Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship (PATH)
- American Hippotherapy Association (AHA)
- American Riding Instructors Association (ARIA) Level 2 or above
- Pony Club Coaching Certificate
SONC offers eight different events (also called “classes”). These classes showcase the ability of the athlete to control the horse and follow verbal instructions as well as learned patterns.
Events Offered
- Dressage (English & Western; all levels*)
- Equitation on the rail (English & Western; all levels)
- Equitation with pattern (English & Western; levels A and BI)
- Western Riding (Level A only)
- Working Trails (English & Western; all levels)
- Showmanship at Halter/Bridle Classes (non-mounted performance class)
- Pole Bending (English & Western; independent only)
- Barrel Racing (English & Western; independent only)
*These events are SONC modifications of SOI Sections 8.3.4, 18.2 and 18.3 in order to allow for all levels to compete in these events.
Dressage (English and Western)
Valid through 2026
- Dressage Level A – Call Sheet
- Dressage Level A – Pattern
- Dressage Level B – Call Sheet
- Dressage Level B – Pattern
- Dressage Level C – Call Sheet
- Dressage Level C – Pattern
Showmanship (Halter and Bridle)
Valid through 2026
Western Riding (Western only)
Valid through 2026
Equitation with Pattern (English and Western)
Trails (English and Western)
Valid through 2026
Equitation on the rail Tests
These are the basic commands to be used by the announcer and/or judge for equitation classes. For additional potential tests, please refer to SOI Section 13.3:
- Western: walk (C class), jog (B class) and lope (A class)
- English: walk (C class), trot (B class) and canter (A class)
- Both: back, circle, halt, reverse and line up on the ring master/ring mistress
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Equestrian dated October 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Equestrian Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below are intended to be used in conjunction with the 2025 American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI), and the 2025 United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) Rulebook. Specifically, English and Western will follow AQHA while Dressage will follow FEI. Therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict with SONC modifications.
SONC Equestrian Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size, color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Figure Skating
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in figure skating.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Figure Skating Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Figure Skating Coaching Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Figure Skating Coaching Guide – downloadable version
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- Badge Competition (formerly called Individual Skill Competition)
- Singles Competition
- Pairs Skating
- Ice Dancing
- Unified Sports Pairs Skating
- Unified Sports Ice Dancing
- Unified Synchro Team
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Figure Skating dated October 2022 will be in effect for the 2023-2024 SONC program year. SONC does not have modifications other than the type of events offered (found under the Events Offered accordion). The SONC rules modifications and SOI rules are intended to be used in conjunction with the US Figure Skating Association therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
Resources
- For additional resources for including routine instructions, videos and coach program worksheets, please visit the Special Olympics Figure Skating webpage.
- For information on starting a Unified Synchro team, contact Tappie Dellinger, SONC Ice Skating Sport Development Team Director.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and the equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Figure Skating Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the figure skating sport rules. If an athlete misses an event due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” and will not receive an award for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Flag Football
SONC Flag Football Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- SONC Flag Football Frequently Asked Questions
- Flag Football Academy– source for flag football play and drill examples
- Flag Football Training Tips
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers three types of flag football competition: individual skills, 5-on-5 traditional team and 5-on-5 Unified Sports team.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone to team competition. The indvidual skills offered for flag football are catching, throwing for accuracy, throwing for distance, and flag pulling.
5-on-5 traditional team competition is played on a modified flag football field with a youth football.
5-on-5 Unified Sports teams pair Special Olympics athletes with persons without intellectual disabilities of similar age and ability on a team.
The Official Special Olympics North America Sports Rules for Flag Football dated 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year for all non-campus recreation based programming. Review the SOI Flag Football Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. There are no SONC rules modifications for this sport at this time.
NIRSA Flag Football Rules– This is a link to the NIRSA rules in effect for any teams that participate in the Special Olympics Campus Recreation Unified Sports program. Please note that each campus may have modifications of their own and the league will be run in accordance with that Campus Recreation’s rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and the equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Flag Football Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the flag football sport rules. If a team is in violation of the uniform rule one touchdown will be awarded to the opposing team.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
At this time, there is no state-level event for flag football. Teams are allowed to participate in NIRSA tournaments as designated with a Special Olympics division.
Golf
Updates and Recertification
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in golf and this quick test to recertify in golf individual skills.
2025 SONC Golf Virtual Coach Training Recording
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- NFHS Coaching Golf
- USGA Golf Rules 101 – can be taken for recertification. Must send proof of completion to sports@sonc.net
Level 1: Individual Skills Competition
This competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone towards course play. The individual skills offered for golf are short and long putt, chip shot, pitch shot, iron shot and wood shot.
Level 2: Alternate Shot Team Play (9 hole)
This competition allows Special Olympics athletes to compete in course play with a Unified partner that acts as a coach to the athlete. The partner teaches strategy along with golf etiquette while playing alternate shot to prepare the athlete for individual course play.
Level 3: Alternate Shot Unified Sports Team Play (18 hole)
This competition allows Special Olympics athletes with a strong concept of golf rules and etiquette to play with a Unified Partner of similar ability on an alternate shot team for 18 holes.
Level 4: Individual Stroke Play Competition (9 hole)
This competition allows those athletes who have improved golf skills from level 2 to compete as an individual for 9-holes. Athletes are allowed caddies to help advise on strategy. Athletes must have an average score of 70 or under in order to be eligible for this level of play.
Level 5: Individual Stroke Play Competition (18 hole)
This is the highest individual level of golf offered by Special Olympics, and is for athletes with a good understanding of the game and golf knowledge. Athletes must have an average score under 120 in order to be eligible for this level of play. Athletes must have an average score of 120 or under in order to be eligible for this level of play.
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Golf dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year. Review the SOI Golf Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with the United States Golf Association (USGA) rules and SOI Golf rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Golf Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the golf sport rules. If an athlete misses their tee time due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” for the round and will be disqualified from the competition. If the uniform violation is corrected for the second round of competition the athlete may compete and will receive a participation ribbon.
What is GHIN?
GHIN is the system used by the United States Golf Association and its affiliated member associations (CGA) to capture and maintain a golfer’s handicap index. It is simply the tool to collect, calculate and store the handicap index for a golfer.
SONC level 4 and 5 golfers are required to enter ALL golf scorecards into GHIN.
Find your GHIN number and updated handicap index here.
If you are a new level 4 or 5 athlete and need a GHIN number, email your name and local program name to sports@sonc.net.
Post a Score Here
World Handicapping System Revisions for 2024
Starting January 1, 2024 the World Handicapping System (WHS) has made the following revisions. Be sure to review the updated SONC GHIN Handicap Manual below for additional information.
- 9-hole scores are now combined with an expected Score Differential so they can count toward your Handicap Index the very next day.
- If a golfer plays 10-17 holes the remaining holes not played will be scored using an expected score based on the golfers score differential. This will allow the round to be posted to the players Handicap Index.
- Shorter and par-3 courses are now eligible for a Course Rating and Slope Rating, making the system more accommodating for all golfers.
SONC GHIN Handicap Manual (new link to attached document) – SONC has put together this comprehensive manual that provides in-depth information on all you need to know about the World Handicapping System and the 2024 revisions.
Have a question? Submit questions to sports@sonc.net
The SONC Golf Tour is a series of competition opportunities that provides Special Olympics North Carolina athletes and Unified partners with a competition structure that allows them to compete in golf year-round while enjoying a variety of the golf courses North Carolina offers. See all SONC Golf Tour stops listed on the SONC Calendar.
The SONC Golf Tour is open to athletes of all abilities and experience in the sport of golf. There are no minimum score requirements to participate in Golf Tour competitions for any of the five golf levels. SONC encourages local programs to offer these opportunities to athletes looking to get started in golf as a way to gain competition experience.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Gymnastics
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in gymnastics.
Women’s Artistic Coaching Guides
- Women’s Level A
- Women’s Level B
- Women’s Level C
- Women’s Level 1
- Women’s Level 2
- Women’s Level 3
- Women’s Level 4
Men’s Artistic Coaching Guides
SONC does not currently offer Rhythmic Gymnastics at Summer Games. If your program is interested in training in Rhythmic Gymnastics, please use these resources offered by SOI.
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- CoachTube Gymnastics Trainings
- Special Olympics Artistic Gymnastics Coaching Guide
- Check out these Coaching Tips from SOI on coaching women’s gymnastics athlete skills
- Artistic Levels 1 – 4
- Men’s Artistic Events (floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, horizontal bar)
- Women’s Artistic Events (vault, uneven bars, balance beam, floor exercise)
- Artistic Levels A, B and C are competitions geared towards athletes who are just starting gymnastics, or are more successful at the fundamentals of gymnastics skills.
- Men’s Artistic Events (Levels A – C; four traditional men’s artistic events depending on the level)
- Women’s Artistic Events (Levels A – C; traditional women’s artistic events)
SONC does not currently offer Rhythmic Gymnastics at Summer Games. If your program is interested in training in Rhythmic Gymnastics, please use these resources offered by SOI.
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Men’s Artistic and Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (listed below) dated 2019-2027 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 program year. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below are intended to be used in conjunction with USA Gymnastics rules and SOI Rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to any SONC modifications.
SOI Official Sport Rules for Men’s Artistic Gymnastics – This is a link to the rules document produced by Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI). SOI updates these rules every two years.
SOI Official Sport Rules for Women’s Artistic Gymnastics – This is a link to the rules document produced by Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI). SOI updates these rules every two years.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
2025-2026 SONC Gymnastics Rule Modifications, Interpretations and Special Notices
- Please note that the officials rules governing men’s and women’s events are separated. This also means certain events/categories have been removed or combined for SOI. Please review the rulebooks and scoresheets thoroughly before training athletes in these events.
- The written text of all routines are the official versions.
- Athletes must compete in all events to be registered for All-Around. Awards will be presented for each event and for All-Around honors. If an athlete entered in All-Around receives no score in any one of the events, then they are not eligible for an award in the All-Around event.
- For additional resources for men’s artistic events, including routine instructions and videos, please visit the Special Olympics Men’s Artistic Gymnastics webpage.
- For additional resources for women’s artistic events, including routine instructions and videos, please visit the Special Olympics Women’s Artistic Gymnastics webpage.
Resources
SOI Official Judge Scoresheets (These are for coach reference. Please note that SONC may adjust the design of these scoresheets for Summer Games and/or invitationals)
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Floor Exercise
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Pommel Horse
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Rings
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Vault
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Parallel Bars
- Men’s Artistic Gymnastics Horizontal Bar
- Women’s Artistic Gymnastics Vault
- Women’s Artistic Gymnastics Uneven Bars
- Women’s Artistic Gymnastics Balance Beam
- Women’s Artistic Gymnastics Floor Exercise
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Motor Activities Training Program
The Special Olympics Motor Activity Training Program is designed for athletes who are unable to participate in official Special Olympics sport competitions because of their skill and/or functional abilities.
MATP is designed to prepare athletes — including those with severe or profound intellectual disability and significant physical disabilities — for sport-specific activities appropriate for their ability levels.
Events offered in MATP vary by local program due to their participatory nature. Since MATP is focused on gross motor skills, programs have the flexibility to design activities as fits the needs of the athletes and the resources of the program. Popular modifications on traditional sports include ramp bocce, tennis played with beach balls with racquets and/or hands, and soccer played with beach balls and modified goal areas.
It is important to note that MATP events are not competition, and participation is celebrated, not finish. Athletes are awarded challenger medals for to recognize their efforts.
MATP can be incorporated through schools, group homes, residential facilities, and other community-based setting as needed. Local programs can utilize physical therapists, occupational therapists, therapeutic recreation providers and/or adaptive physical education instructors to identify and develop their MATP program.
Pickleball
For all current pickleball resources, review Special Olympics North America’s (SONA) Pickleball Dashboard.
PickleballHeads has a free virtual clinic for beginners at:
The Pickleball Clinic has a 6-minute YouTube video “What is Pickleball?” at:
All pickleball events offered by SONC will be Unified. See the breakdown below:
- Unified doubles coed
-
Unified doubles male
-
Unified doubles female
Special Olympics Pickleball Rules in conjunction with USA Pickleball rules will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year. For a summary of these rules, review the USA Pickleball Rules Summary.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the tennis sport rules. If an athlete misses their match time due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will forfeit the match. For doubles and Unified doubles, both athletes or the athlete and Unified partner must be in proper uniforms.
State-Level Events: For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Powerlifting
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in powerlifting.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – digital version
- Kilo Conversion Table
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
Powerlifting includes three basic lifts: the squat, the bench press, and the dead lift.
Athletes are first classified by weight and then divided by ability. Men and women can participate in all powerlifting events.
Single event competitions are the bench press, squat and dead lift.
Athletes who train and compete in more than one event have the option of competing in a combination event. This combines lift totals from the bench press and dead lift for a combination total score or totals from the three lifts for a triple combination total score.
The International Federation for Powerlifting is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Powerlifting dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Powerlifting Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with United States Powerlifting Federation rules, and SOI Powerlifting rules. Therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Powerlifting Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the powerlifting sport rules. If an athlete misses an event due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” and will not receive an award for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Roller Skating
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in roller skating.
SONC Roller Skating Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – digital version
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers the following events:
- Developmental
- 30 m slalom
- 30 m race
- 50 m (half-lap)
- Intermediate
- 50 m (half-lap)
- 100 m race
- Traditional
- 100 m race
- 200 m race
- 500 m race
- 700 m race
- Relays
- 2 x 100 m
- 4 x 100 m
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Roller Skating dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 program year. Review the SOI Roller Skating Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the USA Roller Sports Rules and SOI Rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Roller Skating Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniform Rules
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the roller skating sport rules. If an athlete misses an event due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” and will not receive an award for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Sailing
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide – printable version
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
Sailing is an exciting sport that requires 100% attentiveness by coaches, athletes, and Unified partners. All crew members should be able to swim at least 10m wearing a PFD (personal flotation device/life jacket). SOI Rules 7.2.1.
SONC has modified sections 2.1 – 2.3 to codify the team numbers. See SONC modifications below:
Level I – 1 Special Olympics athlete and 1 Unified partner. Athlete has responsibility of the head sail trim.
Level II – 1 Special Olympics athlete and 1 Unified partner. Athlete controls the helm for 100% of the race starting at the warning signal throughout the race and clearing the finish line.
Level III – 2 Special Olympics athletes and 1 Unified partner. Athletes have complete control of the boat. Unified partner may only shift their weight, do tactics and offer verbal assistance.
Level IV – 2 Special Olympics athletes, 1 Safety Officer. Athletes have complete control of the boat. Safety Officer onboard for emergency purposes only. May not offer tactical or verbal assistance.
Level V – 1 Special Olympics athlete. Athlete has complete control of the boat. No other personnel on the boat.
Sailing is classified as a locally popular sport by Special Olympics North Carolina. Local programs may host invitationals or attend Special Olympics sailing events hosted by out of state Special Olympics programs.
Please review the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Sailing dated October 2022 if you are interested in starting sailing in your community.
Additional resources can be found on the Special Olympics, Inc. Sailing web page.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
Short Track Speed Skating
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in short track speed skating.
Coaching Guides
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
- 25m Straightaway
- 55m Half Lap Race
- 111m Race
- 222m Race
- 333m Race
- 500m Race
- 700m Race
- 1000m Race
- 1500m Race
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Short Track Speed Skating dated October 2022 will be in effect for the 2023-2024 SONC program year. SONC rules are intended to be used in conjunction with US Speed Skating, and SOI Speed Skating Rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
Disqualifications due to performance discrepancy/ maximum effort will be reviewed on a case by case basis by the Games Management Team. (SONC modification of SOI Section 6.1.11. Refer to section 6.1.12 of the SOI Rules for Short Track Speed Skating for disqualification scenarios).
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules by an individual athlete will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the short track speed skating rules. If the athlete misses a called event they will be designated as “Did Not Show” and will not be awarded for that event.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC. For figure skating and short track speed skating, the state-level event is the Special Olympics Southeast U.S. Winter Games – Ice Skating.
Snowboarding
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in snowboarding.
In-person Dryland Certification for coaches – Dates & information coming August 2024; for new or existing coaches!
In-person On-Snow Certification for Coaches – Dates & information coming August 2024; for new or existing coaches!
Coaching Guides
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
Snowboarding, the newest official sport for SONC, is gaining popularity with athletes looking for a new challenge on the slopes. SONC offers the novice slalom at competition.
The Official SOI Sport Rules for Snowboarding dated October 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Snowboarding Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. SONC rules are intended to be used in conjunction with US Ski and Snowboard, and SOI Snowboarding rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Snowboarding Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
See the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules for snowboarding for information on appropriate attire and equipment.
Violations in the uniform rules will result in the athlete being unable to participate until the uniform adheres to the rules. If the athlete is unable to participate in an event due to a uniform violation that athlete will be placed as “Did Not Show” and will not be awarded for that event.
Special Olympics falls under the International Ski Federation rule regarding a specific helmet that is required for ski and snowboard racing. This is a reminder that all athletes must have an FIS helmet in order to participate in Alpine Skiing or Snowboarding. These helmets must have the FIS stamp on the back of the helmet.
EnjoyWinter.com is pleased to, once again, offer all Special Olympics athletes 25% off the BLIZ RAID ski helmet, and Bliz ski goggles. Go to https://enjoywinter.com/wso, and use “SOWINTER” as promo code for 25% off. If you have bulk order, or have any questions, please contact Andy Gerlach at andyg@enjoywinter.com or call. 406-585-2660. Helmets from EnjoyWinter are $145 +tax and shipping as opposed to $200+.
To make the ordering process easier, please measure before placing the order. See the Helmet Sizing Guide. From our experience, athletes tend to fit into the large, XL and XL+ sizes more often than small and medium.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC. For Alpine skiing and snowboarding, the state-level event is the Special Olympics Southeast U.S. Winter Games – Alpine Skiing & Snowboarding held February 8-10, 2026 at Appalachian Ski Mountain in Boone, NC.
Soccer
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in soccer team, and this quick test to recertify in soccer individual skills.
2025 SONC Soccer Virtual Coach Training Recording
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers three types of soccer competition: individual skills, 5-a-side team and 7-a-side team.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone to team competition. The individual skills offered for soccer are dribbling, shooting, and run-kick.
5-a-side team competition allows athletes who have mastered individual skills to compete on a team in a traditional soccer match. This type of competition is the most popular type of play for soccer in SONC.
7-a-side competition is for teams that have a good understanding of the game and can play on a larger field with a larger goal.
Athletes participating in traditional team play on a modified soccer field with a size 5 soccer ball.
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Football (Soccer) dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 program year. Review the SOI Soccer Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. This section is intended to be used in conjunction with the United States Soccer Federation (USSF) rules and SOI Soccer rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Soccer Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules by an individual athlete will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the soccer sport rules.
Violations of the uniform rules by a soccer team will result in an automatic 1 goal being given to the opposing team at the start of the game.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Softball
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in softball team, and take this quick test to recertify in softball individual skills.
2025 SONC Softball Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Resources for Softball Team Practice Sessions
- Line Up Card Information
- Equipment for a Successful Season – SONC compiled list of equipment for any softball team
- Softball Sample Drills
- Meg Rem Softball – YouTube channel of Meg Rembielak, former softball player at Appalachian State University
- USA Softball Fundamentals – video series featuring USA Softball players explaining infield, outfield, baserunning, outfield, throwing, catching, hitting and bunting.
Additional Coach Training Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense. Completing a training such as the one below will count toward Continuing Education – Sport Skills and Tactics to become an advanced certified coach.
SONC offers two types of softball competition: individual skills and slow-pitch team.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone to team competition. The indvidual skills offered for softball are base running, throwing, fielding, and hitting.
Athletes participating in traditional slow-pitch team competition play on a softball field, with modified base paths and pitching mounds for lower divisions.
The SOI Official Sport Rules for Softball dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 program year. Review the SOI Softball Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. This section is intended to be used in conjunction with USA Softball and SOI Softball rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Softball Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniform Rules
For proper placement/size/color of SONC and local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Individual Skills: An athlete not in uniform compliance will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the softball sport rules.
Softball Team: Any athlete not in uniform compliance will result in an automatic two runs being given to the opposing team at the start of the game. Additionally, the athlete will not be able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the softball sport rules.
Softball Individual Skills Rules for competition – These are clear instructions on how to run each individual skills stations along with diagrams on set up and volunteer placement.
T-Ball Rules of Competition – This is a link to the NGB rules.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Swimming
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in swimming.
Coaching Guides
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers competition in 33 different swimming events, ranging in distances from 15 meters to 1,500 meters, and featuring all strokes (backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle).
Individual events are offered for all strokes, and relay events are offered to athletes competing in levels 2 and 3. SONC offers walking and flotation events for athletes of lower ability.
SONC also offers relay events in the Unified Sports model, featuring athletes with and without intellectual disabilities (called Unified partners) to compete together.
Athletes may select events from Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3, but must stay within their level. Athletes competing in all levels are eligible for one relay team event.
Level 1
| 15m Assisted Swim | 25y Kickboard | 25y Freestyle |
| 15m Walk | 25y Floatation Device | 25y Backstroke |
| 15 Unassisted Swim | 25y Assisted Swim |
Level 2
| 25/50y Backstroke | 25/50y Butterfly | 100y Individual Medley |
| 25/50y Breastroke | 25/50y Freestyle |
Level 3
| 50/100/200y Backstroke | 50/100y Butterfly | 100/200y Individual Medley |
| 50/100/200y Breastroke | 50/100/200/500/800/1000/1650y Freestyle | |
Relay Team Events (Traditional & Unified Sports)
| 4×25/4x50y Freestyle Relay |
| 4x50y Medley Relay |
Please note that all events listed below may not be offered at the 2023 SONC Summer Games or 2023 Southeast Regional Invitational. The events listed for those events will be posted on the respective webpages.
The International Federation for Swimming is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Swimming dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Swimming Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with USA Swimming rules and SOI Swimming rules; therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Swimming Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the swimming sport rules. If an athlete misses an event due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will be listed as “Did Not Show” and will not receive an award for that event.
Coaches may submit a uniform exception application for the reasons outlined in the SOI Swimming Sport Rules. Exceptions will be reviewed by the SONC Swimming Sport Development Team and SONC Sport Staff. A final decision will be provided in writing to the local coordinator and coach that submitted the request. To submit an uniform exception application complete this form online.
For access to past SONC swim meet results, click here!
Once you select your county, you will be directed to a different page to insert a password. To get this password, contact Chris Underwood at chris@raleighracers.org.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Tennis
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in tennis and this quick test to recertify in tennis individual skills.
2025 SONC Tennis Virtual Coach Training Recording
- Coaches may view this training for sport recertification. Follow the instructions outlined in the video to receive credit for viewing the video.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers three different types of competition: individual skills, short court match play and full court match play.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sport skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone to match play. The individual skills offered for tennis are forehand and backhand volley, forehand and backhand groundstrokes, deuce and advantage court serves, and alternating groundstrokes with movement. Individual Skills uses the red felt tennis ball. Please use these SONC Tennis Individual Skills diagrams to train your athletes as the scoring has been changed.
Short court match play is played on a modified court (within the service boxes) with a red felt tennis ball that has a lower compression. Athletes may choose to compete in two of three short court match play events which include singles, traditional doubles (two Special Olympics athletes), or Unified doubles (non-Special Olympics athlete partner of significant tennis ability).
Full court match play is played on a full court with either green dot or traditional yellow tennis balls. Athletes may choose to compete in singles and either traditional doubles or Unified Sports doubles. Athletes may choose to play level 4 (full court played with a low compression “Green Dot” tennis ball), or level 5 (using a traditional yellow tennis ball).
The Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Tennis dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2026-2027 SONC program year. Review the SOI Tennis Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with the United States Tennis Association (USTA) rules Friend at Court, and SOI Tennis rules. Therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Tennis Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules document.
Violations of the uniform rules will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the tennis sport rules. If an athlete misses their match time due to being in an improper uniform that athlete will forfeit the match. For doubles and Unified doubles, both athletes or the athlete and Unified partner must be in proper uniforms.
SONC uses the ITN assessment procedures as outlined in the official SOI Tennis rules for all competition. ITN assessments are valid for three years unless an athlete moves to a different level of competition. If you have an athlete who is need of an ITN assessment, please contact the SONC sports staff at sports@sonc.net for support in scheduling an assessment. SONC has developed a network of resources throughout the state that can assist in performing the required ITN assessments.
Level 2: Short Court Athlete and Unified Partner Assessment Materials
Levels 4/5: Full Court Athlete and Unified Partner Assessment Materials
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
Volleyball (Indoor)
Sport certifications must be updated every three years. Take this quick test to recertify in volleyball team and this quick test to recertify in volleyball individual skills.
Coaching Guides
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – printable version
- Special Olympics Quick Start Guide – digital version
- Special Olympics Unified Quick Start Guide
- Special Olympics Coaching Guide
Additional Coach Resources
Some trainings may have an associated cost. Please check with your local program coordinator before purchasing if you will wish to be reimbursed for this expense.
SONC offers four types of volleyball competition: individual skills, traditional, Unified and modified team.
Individual skills competition allows Special Olympics athletes to develop sports skills in a competitive format designed to serve as a stepping stone to team competition. The individual skills offered for volleyball are overhead passing, serving, and passing.
Traditional volleyball team competition is played on a regulation volleyball court with a traditional indoor leather volleyball.
Modified volleyball team competition is played on a regulation volleyball court but a lighter, larger volleyball. The service line is also moved closer to the net.
Unified volleyball team competition is played on a regulation volleyball court bringing together people with intellectual disabilities (athletes) and people without intellectual disabilities (partners) on the same teams.
The International Federation for Swimming is Special Olympics Inc. and therefore the Official Special Olympics Sports Rules for Volleyball dated September 2024 will be in effect for the 2025-2026 SONC program year. Review the SOI Volleyball Rule Changes (2024) for a synopsis of the SOI rule changes. The SONC rules modifications and interpretations listed below is intended to be used in conjunction with USA Volleyball (USAV) rules, and SOI Volleyball rules. Therefore, those rules are not repeated here but they will be enforced unless in direct conflict to SONC modifications.
SONC Volleyball Modifications – This document indicates where SONC has modified existing Special Olympics, Inc. (SOI) or National Governing Body (NGB) rules.
SONC Modified Team Volleyball Modifications
Uniforms
For proper placement, size and color of SONC/local program logos on uniforms and equipment worn and used by athletes and coaches, please refer to the SONC Uniform and Logo Rules for volleyball document.
Violations of the uniform rules by an individual athlete will result in the athlete not being able to participate until the athlete is in the appropriate uniform according to the volleyball sport rules.
Violations of the uniform rules by a volleyball team will result in the loss of serve for all matches and an automatic 2 points given to the opposing team.
Sport Invitationals
Local invitational information can be found on the SONC Calendar. Interested in attending an invitational? Contact your local coordinator to submit registration.
State-Level Events
For state-level event registration, local coordinators will receive notice and links to the registration documents. Work with your local coordinator to submit all required registration by deadlines provided by SONC.
